Position | Christ Against Culture | Christ Above Culture | Christ the Transformer of Culture |
Christ and Culture Paradox | Christ in Culture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Niebuhr's Order | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Summary | Culture is too corrupt so Christians must withdraw into Christ-centered colonies. | The secular and sacred can be blended when leaders are given authority to seek the highest good. | Sinful man can redeem culture through institutions that affirm the Lordship of Christ, the law of God, and the leading of the Holy Spirit. | Man respects the Kingdom of God on Sunday morning and on the church campus while respecting a pietistic salvation message that gives believers "peace" as they support leaders who deny the Lordship of Christ on 6 of the 7 cultural mountains. | The secular and sacred can be blended with "values neutral" ethics at the core. |
Proponents | Anabaptists, including Amish, Mennonites, and Hutterites | Aquinas and some of Abraham Kuyper's followers. | Augustine, Calvin, and some Dutch theologians. | Luther and many Baptists | Thomas Jefferson and Roger Williams |
Typical School | Home School: Parents try to keep the kids separate from the secular schools even when this causes the students to have second-rate education or lack of socialization. | Parochial School: A Catholic Diocese or other large church body oversees and helps fund education. | Classic Christian School: Teachings of Augustine, Calvin and other Reformed thinkers are applied (with logic!) to equip students to maintain the Lordship of Christ, Law of God, and leading of the Holy Spirit in ecclesiastical, educational, familial, commercial, judicial, and other spheres. | "Baptized Humanism" School: Teachers affirm the "Kingdom of God" on Sunday morning and on the church campus but throughout the week settle for talking about Jesus as savior in schools that mostly submit to authorities in the "kingdom of man" | Public School: The government oversees 2,000 hours per year of relativistic education and God does not get equal time. |